DARPA and US Air Force Fly AI-Piloted F-16 in Historic VENOM Test

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Image: DARPA

A U.S. Air Force F-16, modified as an autonomous flying testbed, has completed in-air testing under artificial intelligence control. The milestone marks a major step towards scalable combat AI development across the joint force.

The aircraft belongs to a group of F-16s converted under the Viper Experimentation and Next-generation Operations Model (VENOM) programme, a joint initiative between the U.S. Air Force and DARPA. The effort builds on the Air Combat Evolution (ACE) programme, which previously used the X-62A VISTA to prove an AI agent could pilot a fighter jet in a dogfight. The VENOM flights now show the same capability can extend to standard operational aircraft.

Engineers achieved this without altering the F-16’s core software, as per a recent press statement. Brig. Gen. James “Fangs” Valpiani, DARPA programme manager, commented: “The Air Force and DARPA team has automated flight controls and sensors on a standard F-16 without changing the jet’s core software. This enables an efficient pipeline for developing dominant AI for aerial combat.”

The VENOM Autonomy Kit lets pilots switch between human and AI control instantly, ensuring safe experimentation. VENOM aircraft will now support DARPA’s Artificial Intelligence Reinforcements (AIR) programme, testing multiple AI agents in live flight. This work aims to let pilots command teams of uncrewed aircraft, supporting future Collaborative Combat Aircraft operations.

Valpiani steps down as programme manager this month. Lt. Col. Patrick “Dice” Highland takes over AIR, while Terry Wilson of AFRL’s ACT3 team continues as deputy programme manager for both efforts, maintaining continuity across DARPA and Air Force stakeholders.

Highland added: “We now have the opportunity to create dominant autonomy for beyond-visual-range, multi-ship combat.”

Learn more on DARPA’s website

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